Removing Stains from Concrete Mix Up an Absorbent Solution. Pour 1 ounce of trisodium phosphate (or TSP substitute) and a cup of water into a small bucket and mix. Add about a cup of absorbent material and mix to make a creamy paste. Pro tip: Wear eye protection and rubber gloves. Family HandymanACID STAIN · Create beautiful, unique designer floors with our EAGLE ACID STAINS! · adds stunning, varied color to existing concrete. · is produced in 14 styli...Feb 15, 2010 · http://www.all-things-concrete.com/acid-based-concrete-stains.html How to stain concrete video. Create beautiful floors using a combination of acid staining... BEST ACRYLIC: Eagle Armor Seal Urethane Acrylic Concrete Sealer. BEST EPOXY: TotalBoat TableTop 1-Gallon Epoxy Resin Kit. BEST POLYURETHANE: Seal-Once Nano + Poly Concrete and Masonry Sealer. BEST ...Concrete stain is a great option if you’re looking for a transparent or semi-transparent finish. Apply one color for a natural stone appearance, or you can create a custom pattern with several colors. Concrete stain is also available in solid colors. The most popular finish is clear, but concrete stain colors include white, brown and gray. A basic one-coat application of stain on concrete requiring minimal surface prep will run about $2 to $4 per square foot, while more elaborate staining projects involving multiple colors and special design details can cost $15 per square foot or more due to the time and skill level involved. See this overview of stained concrete costs and price ... Soak a clean cloth in the vinegar for a few minutes. Lay the vinegar-soaked cloth over the cement stain. Allow the cloth to sit for two hours to give the acidic solution time to loosen the bond. Remove the cloth from the stain. Scrub the affected area with a scouring pad to remove the loosened cement residue.Stained Concrete Course Online: https://decorativeconcreteschool.comLearn more about Westcoat Products: http://westcoat.comIn this video I'm going to show yo...Jan 10, 2024 · Remember: Concrete is porous. If the oil stain is old, it might have penetrated the surface. Try using a degreaser to remove old grease stains from a concrete patio, following the manufacturer's instructions. Rust stains: White vinegar is a practical, eco-friendly way to remove rust stains from cement patios. Spray it directly onto the stain ... Highlights. The average stained concrete floors cost is $11,000, though a typical range is $3,000 to $18,500. The cost to stain concrete depends on a number of factors, including the area size ...Feb 10, 2021 · Game room floor gets upgrade with layers of rich brown stain. Concrete Arts, Hudson, WI. Here are the colors we used used most often: Grey concrete stain. Black concrete stain. White concrete stain. Blue concrete stain. Brown concrete stain. Red concrete stain. Jul 6, 2015 ... How to Acid Stain Concrete. In this video DIY PETE will walk you through the process of staining a concrete patio. This is a great weekend ...Diluted 10-to-1, EZ-Prep will lightly etch and open the concrete pores for an acid-based concrete stain. No metal parts: suitable for prep, staining, and neutralizing acid-based stain. You can (and should) apply it with a pump sprayer with no metal parts. When fully dry, repeat the water test above.The cost to stain concrete flooring will cost anywhere from $400 to $2,900 for a typical 200-square-foot room. One gallon of concrete stain costs between $35 to $80 on average. You’ll need ...Stain removal tools should be near at hand in order to treat stains and spots when they occur. Learn about the tools you need to remove stains fast. Advertisement In order to tre...Clean dried concrete from a car using a commercial concrete stain remover to dissolve the concrete, and then wash the vehicle. Avoid any mechanical means of removing the stain, as ...In a theoretical sense, yes, you can apply concrete stain over a painted concrete floor or wall. However, that stain will not take hold of the painted surface at all, leading to a suboptimal coating that may not protect the painted surface beneath. As such, a stain-over-paint procedure is not recommended for most concrete structures.Highlights. The average stained concrete floors cost is $11,000, though a typical range is $3,000 to $18,500. The cost to stain concrete depends on a number of factors, including the area size ...Apply the stain: Once the surface is clean and dry, apply the concrete stain using either a brush or a sprayer. Start with a small section and work across the entire area, applying an even coat. Allow for penetration: After applying the stain, allow it to penetrate the concrete for the recommended time.Concrete is a popular material used in construction and landscaping projects. It’s strong, durable, and relatively inexpensive. But how much does concrete cost per yard? The answer...Glidden Semi-Transparent Concrete Stain is for use on concrete porches, patios, pool decks, walkways, driveways, garage, and basement floors. It is easy to …Step 3: Apply Stain to Concrete Wall With Sprayer. Much like any other surface, you can apply acid stain to a concrete wall with a concrete sprayer. You can use standard acid stain, there is no specific concrete wall stain. But there are a few things to keep in mind. First, acid stain is a liquid like water.Learning how to clean concrete driveway stains is a straightforward process: Sweep the concrete surface, then spray the stained area with a garden hose to rinse away dirt. In a large plastic ...How To Paint & Stain Fiber Cement Siding Fiber cement siding is gaining in popularity as the go-to material to use for siding homes and condominiums all over the country. It is the ideal alternative solution to conventional wood or vinyl siding because has many benefits that these other types of siding don’t offer.Concrete stain is a great option if you’re looking for a transparent or semi-transparent finish. Apply one color for a natural stone appearance, or you can create a custom pattern with several colors. Concrete stain is also available in solid colors. The most popular finish is clear, but concrete stain colors include white, brown and gray.Painting a concrete floor is one way to change the look and feel of a room or spruce up an older, worn concrete floor. If you want a fresh look that’s durable, it’s a good idea to ...Before starting this project, test the paint or stain in an inconspicuous spot to see if you like it before painting the whole area. Step 2: Scrub the Patio. Step 3: Pressure Wash. Step 4: Apply Concrete Cleaner. Step 5: Let it Dry.For older stains, skip to Step 2. Porous concrete absorbs stains easily. If the surface was just stained, act quickly. Soak up as much as possible with paper towels. Don't rub the surface — it will drive the stain further into the concrete. Often you can remove a brand-new stain with only household cleaner and water. Use a nylon brush to ...Alkaline concrete cleaner is a powerful degreaser designed to remove burned oil, tar, soot, grease, and other petroleum-based stains. Acid concrete cleaner is made with hydrochloric acid or ...Make a paste by mixing the powder with water. Apply to the oil. Let sit for 5–10minutes to work on the stain. Use a rag, water and dish soap if needed to remove the paste and the oil stain. (Image credit: Tom Merton / Getty) 3. Use liquid detergent and a brush.Durable and prevents the surface from fading. 10. Floor -Tex 40 Textured Concrete Coating. When concrete stains are soaked into the concrete without leaving any residue on the surface when properly cleaned, you might have searched for a textured stain that can enhance the beauty of the concrete patio or paver.Spray bottle. tb1234. For cleaning concrete, pour the lemon juice or vinegar directly onto the rust stain and allow it to sit for ten minutes, so the ingredients can fully penetrate the rust. Using the scrub brush, scrub the stain, using a considerable amount of pressure. Rinse the area off with cold water.How to Stain and Seal Your Concrete.Working with previously stamped concrete with no color in the mix. Re-beautifying with color and wet look sealer with a n...Acid staining concrete costs range between $7 and $15 for every square foot. Depending on how simple or intricate your project is, we charge anything between $2 to $25 per square foot for our services. If you want us to work on 1,000 square feet of property, you could spend anywhere between $3,000 to $18,000.Epoxy coating is a popular choice for protecting and enhancing the durability of concrete floors. It provides a glossy, smooth finish that is resistant to stains, chemicals, and we...BEST ACRYLIC: Eagle Armor Seal Urethane Acrylic Concrete Sealer. BEST EPOXY: TotalBoat TableTop 1-Gallon Epoxy Resin Kit. BEST POLYURETHANE: Seal-Once Nano + Poly Concrete and Masonry Sealer. BEST ...Acid staining concrete costs range between $7 and $15 for every square foot. Depending on how simple or intricate your project is, we charge anything between $2 to $25 per square foot for our services. If you want us to work on 1,000 square feet of property, you could spend anywhere between $3,000 to $18,000.1. Sweep the concrete area with a broom. Remove any leaves and debris from the surface. Leaves that have settled on the surface for longer are more likely to stain the concrete. [2] Although the leaf stains may be concentrated in a small area, it's best to clean the entire slab.Applying Translucent Concrete Stains. Any drab, lifeless slab of concrete can be transformed into a warm, decorative surface that provides character to any ...Start by testing the concrete to see if it can be restained without removing the current stain. Look to see if water beads on the surface. If it doesn't, then you should be able to stain it a different …Apply Rust-Stain Removal Solution . When the concrete is clean and dry, you can apply the rust-stain removal solution. Choose an appropriate rust remover based on the severity of the stain.. Lemon juice is an effective option for dealing with minor stains. It needs to be poured on the rust-stained concrete and allowed to sit for about 10 …Applying Translucent Concrete Stains. Any drab, lifeless slab of concrete can be transformed into a warm, decorative surface that provides character to any ...After we get done staining and sealing the floor, we go back and faux paint any objectionable spots and apply another coat of sealer. He also uses this method to remedy any areas where the chemical stain doesn't take completely. Cleaning Concrete. Learn about surface preparation for stained concrete.View Project. "Be creative and have fun with it, don't stress too much as mistakes can be fixed." Oct '22 DIY Contest Winner. $250 Cash Winner - Gray Gordon. Your premiere source for Decorative Concrete color products, supplies, photos, design ideas, and a whole lot more ★ Free Project Consultation ★.Step 2: Wet Mop With an Appropriate Floor Cleaner. Using a neutral PH concrete floor cleaner and water, mop them with a soft cleaning pad until clean. Remember to use the solution as directed by the manufacturer. A neutral PH cleaner is vital because concrete floors, those with stains, are susceptible to harsh chemicals.2. Pour or spray lemon juice on the rusted surface. Almost all rust remover uses acid to lift and scrub away the stain, and the high concentration of citric acid in pure lemon juice makes it a worth-while cleaning candidate. Pour on the lemon juice and let it sit for 10 minutes before scrubbing with a wire brush. 3.For older stains, skip to Step 2. Porous concrete absorbs stains easily. If the surface was just stained, act quickly. Soak up as much as possible with paper towels. Don't rub the surface — it will drive the stain further into the concrete. Often you can remove a brand-new stain with only household cleaner and water. Use a nylon brush to ...Concrete Acid Stain ... Concrete Acid Stain is a unique product in the Australian decorative flooring industry. Made with ethanol, they are the only stain on the ...Step 4: Prepare the acid stain. Don your long-sleeved shirt and long pants, protective goggles, and chemical-resistant gloves. Dilute the acid stain …BEST ACRYLIC: Eagle Armor Seal Urethane Acrylic Concrete Sealer. BEST EPOXY: TotalBoat TableTop 1-Gallon Epoxy Resin Kit. BEST POLYURETHANE: Seal-Once Nano + Poly Concrete and Masonry Sealer. BEST ...ColorWave® is a semi-transparent, topical, water-based concrete stain, designed to infuse concrete surfaces. Utilizing the natural porosity of concrete and its inherent moisture absorption, ColorWave® infuses concrete with micronized pigments, transforming dull surfaces into vibrant, variegated displays. Available in twenty-four distinctive ...Westcoat’s Temper-Crete™ Urethane Cement System creates a medium-duty, industrial, seamless floor in service areas requiring a high build, self-leveling, and fast turnaround floor system. Our Temper-Crete system is perfect for Industrial Flooring. This Urethane Cement System has excellent Impact, chemical, and thermal shock-resistant qualities.Concrete is a durable material that is often used as flooring both inside and outside the home. Whether it's in your garage or the living room, this material …Jan 27, 2022 ... Removing dirt and foliage stains on concrete · Sweep away all debris and dirt. · Mix liquid dishwashing detergent and water in a spray bottle or ...Jun 15, 2023 · Diluted 10-to-1, EZ-Prep will lightly etch and open the concrete pores for an acid-based concrete stain. No metal parts: suitable for prep, staining, and neutralizing acid-based stain. You can (and should) apply it with a pump sprayer with no metal parts. When fully dry, repeat the water test above. Apply Rust-Stain Removal Solution . When the concrete is clean and dry, you can apply the rust-stain removal solution. Choose an appropriate rust remover based on the severity of the stain.. Lemon juice is an effective option for dealing with minor stains. It needs to be poured on the rust-stained concrete and allowed to sit for about 10 …Endurable Concrete Stain. Endurable Concrete Stain is a semi-transparent penetrating stain. Our new technology has made the particle size smaller and lowered ...Endurable Concrete Stain. Endurable Concrete Stain is a semi-transparent penetrating stain. Our new technology has made the particle size smaller and lowered ... Seal the stained concrete to finish the job. Once all layers are dehydrated (up to 24 hours in some cases), it is time to apply a sealer. Check the manufacturer’s recommendation for a sealer, and use one designed to go with your type of stain. Apply the sealer with a paint roller, ensuring no brush strokes are left behind. Included in kit: Helix Acid Stain – 1 gallon (x2) Neutralizer/Degreaser – 1 gallon (x1) Helix Satin Concrete Sealer – 1 gallon (x2) Helix Acid Stain is a ...BEHR PREMIUM ® SOLID COLOR CONCRETE STAIN. A durable solid color stain designed to help protect and enhance both exterior and interior, vertical and horizontal concrete surfaces. Learn More BEHR PREMIUM ® Semi-Transparent Decorative Concrete Stain. Get the protective qualities of a durable, weather-resistant stain …Concrete stain is a great option if you’re looking for a transparent or semi-transparent finish. Apply one color for a natural stone appearance, or you can create a custom pattern with several colors. Concrete stain is also available in solid colors. The most popular finish is clear, but concrete stain colors include white, brown and gray.ColorWave® is a semi-transparent, topical, water-based concrete stain, designed to infuse concrete surfaces. Utilizing the natural porosity of concrete and its inherent moisture absorption, ColorWave® infuses concrete with micronized pigments, transforming dull surfaces into vibrant, variegated displays. Available in twenty-four distinctive ...The Stained Concrete Floor Cost. The cost of stained concrete floors is exceptionally low, around $2 to $6 per square foot to polish a plain gray surface, giving it a glistening luster. The concrete's tonal contrasts, subtle cracks, and aggregates take on a stonelike, natural feel. More elaborate finishes cost around $5 to $8 per square foot.The staining job would begin with placing the paint pan on a trap and pouring the stain onto the pan. With the help of a paintbrush, the stain should be applied ...Pour some Xylene (also referred to as Xylol or Touline) over the concrete surface and allow it to sit for around 30 seconds. Next, take a hard …A complete line of decorative stains and dyes to color and beautify existing concrete, both interior and exterior.Gasoline can be effectively cleaned off of concrete with kitty litter to remove any excess oil still sitting on the surface, as well as a grease-cutting dish detergent to remove th...When you need to clean oil stains from concrete, there are a variety of ways to handle the task. When your car springs an oil leak on your driveway, you can use WD-40 for cleaning ...Dec 30, 2023 · Highlights. The average stained concrete floors cost is $11,000, though a typical range is $3,000 to $18,500. The cost to stain concrete depends on a number of factors, including the area size ... Concrete Stain Colors – Solid and Semi Transparent – 250 Stained Concrete Colors. What ever you project project entails, Surecrete design products has virtually unlimited solid concrete stain colors available. Through our exclusive on-demand tinting system, Surecrete can provide just about any color you can imagine. All of our colors are ...Ask This Old House mason Mark McCullough demonstrates how to dress up concrete by using a stain.SUBSCRIBE to This Old House: http://bit.ly/SubscribeThisOldHo...Step 1: Clean the Concrete. When acid staining concrete floors, it’s extremely important to clean the concrete very well before doing anything else. I started by scraping any dried drywall mud and paint off the floor. Then I used a vacuum to remove all of the dust, dirt, and debris. Then in a bucket, I mixed some soap and water and …Earth Paint NanoTech Floor Stain/Sealer – works on concrete as well as wood. This is an acrylic and polyurethane sealer. No silicones. The VOCs are listed at 95.86 g/l. I tested this product in my post on wood floor sealers. This can be used on concrete and wood countertops as well as floors. Resistant to chipping and fading. Concrete Acid StainBRICKFORM Blush-Tone Acid Stain available in 10 standard colors. Eco-Friendly, UV-Resistant Stains15 non-reactive colors that transform concrete. Semi-Transparent Concrete StainEco-Stain by SureCrete, water-based, 30 UV-stable colors. Fiber cement siding has to be painted or stained. This can be done before it’s installed—either by the manufacturer or by a paint shop hired by the lumberyard where you order the siding—or after it’s up. Manufacturers charge about $1 per square foot and offer a 15-year warranty, but color choice is limited and you get …Sold in a 1 lb resealable container. Easy open twist off cap can be re-sealed for storage. Large container makes mixing easy and tidy. Frequently Bought Together. This item: Glass Pro Stained Glass Cement - 1 Lb. 1 @ $17.95. Miracle Mudd Black Cement - Large. 1 @ $39.95. Price for all two: $57.90.Sand the concrete surface completely using an electric floor sander. Wash & rinse the floor. Allow the floor to dry. Spray on the acid stain with a backpack sprayer. You can apply multiple coats waiting 2-3 hours in between. 2 hours after the last coat, neutralize the acid with TSP and water.Easy to Easy to use, simply dilute degreaser and pour onto concrete; For tougher oil stains penetrated deep in concrete, pour directly using full strength; Dries to a powder that can be swept up. This remover powers through the toughest grease and oil. Easy to use and easy to sweep up and dispose. Packaged in a 32 oz. pourable bottle.Staining. Concrete acid stains are ideal for creating natural-looking marbling effects on bare concrete floors. They work by penetrating and reacting with the concrete surface to produce light and dark areas that simulate the color variations of real stone. For more distinct marbling effects, you can stain the entire floor with one color and ... About This Product. The BEHR PREMIUM Solid Color Concrete Stain is a durable, weather resistant, solid color stain designed to help protect and enhance both exterior and interior, vertical and horizontal concrete surfaces. View Project. "Be creative and have fun with it, don't stress too much as mistakes can be fixed." Oct '22 DIY Contest Winner. $250 Cash Winner - Gray Gordon. Your premiere source for Decorative Concrete color products, supplies, photos, design ideas, and a whole lot more ★ Free Project Consultation ★.DFW Stain Dallas is a decorative concrete, family owned business since 2006. www.dfwstaindallas.com. top of page. Home. Book Online. More. [email protected]. C: 972-704-5542. Home: Welcome. ABOUT DFW STAIN DALLAS, LLC. A Local Expert Committed to Excellence. Since 2006, DFW Stain Dallas, a fully insured limited liability …How to Use Stamped Concrete & Stained Concrete to Get the Look of Wood See examples of stamped concrete that looks like wood, plus floors counters and more with wood grain Updated April 1, 2020. Concrete can be used in a variety of ways to recreate the look of wood. Some contractors use stamps, others use scoring and …To clean mold, mildew or moss stains left on concrete after general cleaning, mix 1/4 cup of oxygen bleach into 1 gallon of hot water. Apply to the stained area, ensuring it stays wet for 30 minutes for mold or moss, and 15 minutes for mildew. Scrub with a broom, then rinse and dry. Of the three, mold is the most …Aug 13, 2014 ... These can usually be removed by scrubbing them with soap and water. If that doesn't get all of the stains out, try a bit of chlorine bleach. For ... #DCS-800 Old Adobe Semi-Transparent Flat Interior/Exterior Decorative Concrete Stain. Add to Cart. Compare. More Options Available $ 173. 00 (369) BEHR PREMIUM. 5 gal ...
View Project. "Be creative and have fun with it, don't stress too much as mistakes can be fixed." Oct '22 DIY Contest Winner. $250 Cash Winner - Gray Gordon. Your premiere source for Decorative Concrete color products, supplies, photos, design ideas, and a whole lot more ★ Free Project Consultation ★.. Mtsu tuition
Concrete Countertop Stain. 1qt. (946ml) per bottle. Will cover approximately 50 - 75 sq. ft. depending on porosity of concrete. Z Aqua Stain-UV is an extremely versatile and long lasting water based concrete stain. It is a safe, non-toxic product used to color various concrete surfaces. It is a great alternative to common acid stains.Once you’ve soaked up as much as you can, you should pour the concentrated soap on the area and start scrubbing with a stiff brush. After scrubbing, rinse the area with water to finish the process. 2. Removing Stains with Litter. A tried and true method for oil removal can be to use cat litter.In the past, concrete came in a single color, industrial gray. Now, stained concrete opens up a world of colors and hues to accentuate any room in your home from your kitchen and bathrooms to the basement rec room. With stained concrete, color is introduced into the concrete mixture and as it dries, it isn't a solid color like paint. In January 2024 the cost to Apply Decorative Concrete Stain starts at $4.75 - $5.61 per square foot*. Use our Cost Calculator for cost estimate examples customized to the location, size and options of your project. To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials ... Jul 6, 2015 ... Applying the second coat of stain to darken the concrete up a little more. Allow the stain to dry for a full 8 hours or overnight before ...ARTesian stains are penetrating, water-based concrete stains that produce unique color effects in finished cementitious surfaces, simulating the natural shadings and aged appearance of stone or masonry. ARTesian stain may be applied over smooth troweled or textured concrete, cement-based overlayments, vertical or horizontal concrete and …#EverythingAboutConcrete #MikeDayConcrete #stainingconcreteI was hired to stain the concrete floor in the basement of this house.The concrete was in good con...Highlights. Concrete stain. Covers 200-400 sq. ft. depending on concrete porosity. Flat finish with 14 unique earth tone colors to choose from. Color is a result of chemical reaction for longer lasting results. Dries to touch in 1 hour, 6 hours to fully react. Marbled look gives your concrete a unique and expensive look.Jan 27, 2022 ... Removing dirt and foliage stains on concrete · Sweep away all debris and dirt. · Mix liquid dishwashing detergent and water in a spray bottle or ...Jul 6, 2015 ... How to Acid Stain Concrete. In this video DIY PETE will walk you through the process of staining a concrete patio. This is a great weekend ...COST TO STAIN CONCRETE DRIVEWAY. The basic cost of installing a new driveway with decorative staining is $8 - $12 per sq. ft. With the average 2-car driveway being 640 sq. ft., this would cost about $5,120 - $7,680. Staining an existing driveway will cost $2 - $4 per sq. ft. Combining that with the average …Step 2. Rub a dry, clean paper towel over the scuff marks in quick back and forth motions. Press the paper towel down gently but firmly as you rub the floor. Periodically lift the paper towel and check the scuff mark. Replace the paper towel if the towel starts to tear or separate, or becomes saturated with the scuff mark residue.Step 2: Wet Mop With an Appropriate Floor Cleaner. Using a neutral PH concrete floor cleaner and water, mop them with a soft cleaning pad until clean. Remember to use the solution as directed by the manufacturer. A neutral PH cleaner is vital because concrete floors, those with stains, are susceptible to harsh chemicals.#EverythingAboutConcrete #MikeDayConcrete #stainingconcreteI was hired to stain the concrete floor in the basement of this house.The concrete was in good con...Classic's color stain provides a natural art deco look over old and new surfaces, interior and exterior. Classic Custom Waterbase Stain is an environmentally friendly alternative to acid stains. New concrete must cure for 28 days before application. Available in 1 gal. jugs, 5 gal. pails and 55 gal. drums.How to Stain Wood and Concrete Projects. Learn how to stain wood and concrete surfaces with helpful tips from the professionals at Sherwin-Williams. Applying stain keeps your surfaces in pristine condition when coupled with regular maintenance. Inside or out, we'll help you enhance and protect your surfaces - beautifully.New York Stained Concrete Solutions is the premier stained concrete provider in New York, NY and provides a range of services such as stained concrete, polished concrete, terrazzo flooring, and more. With several years of expertise and enthusiasm for what we do in concrete services, you can rest assured knowing we will do a fantastic job for you.Water. Dish soap. Garden hose. Stiff scrub brush. 8 oz. oxygen bleach. 1 cup trisodium phosphate. The natural pigment in a leaf can leave colored stains on concrete. The natural dye in plant leaves may leave stains on concrete. Over time, the leaves' dyes can seep into the concrete surface if leaves are left in one spot long enough.Some of the most reviewed products in Concrete Stains are the BEHR PREMIUM 1 gal. #PFC-35 Rich Brown Solid Color Flat Interior/Exterior Concrete Stain with 386 reviews, and the BEHR PREMIUM 1 gal. #PFC-73 Pebbled Path Solid Color Flat Interior/Exterior Concrete Stain with 386 reviews. Get free shipping on qualified Anvil Concrete …A basic one-coat application of stain on concrete requiring minimal surface prep will run about $2 to $4 per square foot, while more elaborate staining projects involving multiple colors and special design details can cost $15 per square foot or more due to the time and skill level involved. See this overview of stained concrete costs and ….