About Redstone Federal Credit Union. Redstone Federal Credit Union was chartered on Jan. 1, 1951. Headquartered in Huntsville, AL, it has assets in the amount of $3,744,190,658. Its 373,833 members are served from 24 locations. Deposits in Redstone Federal Credit Union are insured by NCUA. Apr 20, 2016 · Resistomes of feces, soil and wastewater are distinct. The resistome composition of feces, soil and wastewater were significantly different at the mechanism and class levels (NMDS Stress = 0.11 ... Locations. Our Guntersville and Fortress locations have moved. We look forward to seeing you at our new locations! With thousands of surcharge-free ATMs across the globe, Interactive Teller Services (ITMs), and 27 Redstone branches throughout the Tennessee Valley, we've got you covered. Redstone has joined several national and international ATM ... May 13, 2017 · The antibiotic resistance is natural in bacteria and predates the human use of antibiotics. Numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been discovered to confer resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. The ARGs in natural environments are highly integrated and tightly regulated in specific bacterial metabolic networks. However, the antibiotic selection … 1As of March 1, 2024, the APRs are as low as 17.25% Variable - 18.00% Variable for Visa Signature and may vary. APRs are based on creditworthiness at account opening. Variable APRs will vary with the U.S. Prime Rate. 2Redstone’s MyChoice Rewards points are earned for qualified transactions made with the participating card. Collectively, this study demonstrated an uncharted knowledge of the segmentation of Salmonella resistome driven by mobilome, elucidating dynamic drivers and distinct mediators for resistome development that are of immediate relevance for targeted interventions. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a significant global challenge ...1.Introduction. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most commercialized nanomaterials, making up an estimated 50% of global engineered nanomaterials [15], …Feb 1, 2024 · Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) are important for supplying high-quality water to consumers and disinfectant is widely used to control microbial regrowth in DWDSs. However, the disinfectant's influences on microbial community and antibiotic resistome in DWDS biofilms and the underlying …May 11, 2022 · Here, we study the resistome of 771 samples from five major body parts (skin, nares, vagina, gut, and oral cavity) of healthy subjects from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) and addressed the potential dispersion of ARGs in pristine environments. A total of 28,714 ARGs belonging to 235 different ARG types were found in the HMP …Feb 15, 2024 · The distance of each sample and the point with the greatest resistome risk in the hazard space represent the risk of the treatments (Chen et al., 2019): eq. 1 R T = 1 (1 + log 10 d i s t (s i, h)) 2 Where R T is the resistome risk of the treatment; s i is the coordinate of the samples; h is the coordinate of the point on behalf of the …Sep 15, 2019 · Moreover, most studies focused on the changes of soil ARGs after manure application, and some important questions are urged to be solved, such as 1) the identification of the core (shared) soil ARGs with and without inorganic or organic fertilizer and their contribution to soil resistome, and 2) whether the change of soil … Redstone Discounts! & Visa Discounts: You must have a RFCU Visa debit or credit card to participate in Redstone Discounts! and Visa Discounts. Restrictions may apply. Discounts are provided by participating merchants. RFCU does not warrant, guarantee, or insure any product, purchase, or service offered by participating merchants. Jul 23, 2018 · The resistome richness showed similar patterns to ResFinder: Spanish, Italian, Polish and Bulgarian samples had a higher estimated richness in both pig and poultry than the other countries. The ...Aug 1, 2023 · The metal resistome was mainly represented by MMR genes as previously shown in other metagenomic studies performed in aquatic environments (Di Cesare et al., 2021; Sabatino et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2019). The total MRG abundance, richness, and beta-diversity resulted to be mainly influenced by the sampling site, as for the antibiotic resistome.Dec 1, 2023 · Dazomet-triggered changes in soil antibiotic resistome. In this study, we found that dazomet fumigation treatment explicitly reshapes antibiotic resistome in soils, as evidenced by dazomet-responsive distinctiveness of diversity, relative abundance, and composition of ARGs. First, we observed an increase in the number of ARG subtypes in the ...Oct 1, 2014 · Monitoring the antibiotic resistome is key to maintaining the efficacy of antibiotics in the clinic. The antibiotic resistome is dynamic and ever expanding, yet its foundations were laid long before the introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice. Here, we revisit our theoretical framework for the resistome concept and consider the many ... Mar 1, 2020 · The increased relative abundance of the bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-48, bla NDM, and bla KPC genes in the resistome of sewage from the aeration chamber indicates selection in activated sludge. There is a relationship between the composition of bacterial populations and relative abundance of …Oct 23, 2023 · The resistome structure of external habitats differed significantly from the human fecal resistome, likely driven by biotic and abiotic factors in the various habitats. We subsequently identified a unique core resistome of human feces, which was extremely different from those in the other habitats, likely due to combinations of microbial ...The guts of urbanized people worldwide are known to contain less microbial biodiversity than those of humans living rurally. The worry is that the loss of key species contributes …Mar 5, 2024 · In this study, we aim to explore: (1) the dynamics of the antibiotic resistome and microbiome along different anthropogenic disturbance gradients in both water and sediment; (2) the critical factors shaping the resistome by considering both socioeconomic and microbial indicators. 2. Material and methods2.1. Study … Fri 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM. Sat 9:00 AM - 1:00 PM. (800) 234-1234. https://www.redfcu.org. Redstone is a federally chartered credit union serving members North Alabama and Middle Tennessee. We work to help our members, their families, and our communities achieve their financial dreams. We offer checking, savings, loans, mortgages, credit cards ... Jul 1, 2023 · Studies in which biofilm resistome have been investigated using both culture-based and molecular methods provide comprehensive information than those using just one method. An example is the study by Siedlecka et al. (2021), who investigated AR in water and biofilm samples using both culture-based and molecular methods. Their results showed ...Mar 10, 2024 · A possible explanation for the changes in the resistome profiles between the surface water and sedimentary microbiomes is related to the fact that the resistance genes are carried by bacteria and a shift in bacteria community assemblages potentially resulted in a significant shift in the resistance genes profiles. Furthermore, due to the ...Jan 1, 2024 · Additionally, the resistome risk was analyzed by identifying the high-risk ARGs and their co-occurrences with MGEs and virulence factors on the same metagenomic contigs, and the sources of ARGs in the downstream were apportioned using the metagenomic resistome signatures and a source tracking tool. The study is of great significance to better ...Jan 5, 2023 · The decisive influence of proton activity on shaping the resistome is more impactful than any other examined factors, and as the consequence, we revisited the influence of edaphic factors on the soil resistome; i.e., the deterministic selection of resistance mechanisms by edaphic factors could lead to the bottom …Antibiotic resistance is a natural feature of diverse microbial ecosystems. Although recent studies of the antibiotic resistome have highlighted barriers to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between habitats, the rapid global spread of genes that confer resistance to carbapenem, colistin and quinolone antibiotics illustrates the dire clinical and societal …Here, we study the resistome of 771 samples from five major body parts (skin, nares, vagina, gut, and oral cavity) of healthy subjects from the Human Microbiome …Feb 1, 2024 · Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) are important for supplying high-quality water to consumers and disinfectant is widely used to control microbial regrowth in DWDSs. However, the disinfectant's influences on microbial community and antibiotic resistome in DWDS biofilms and the underlying …Feb 19, 2021 · The use of life-saving antibiotics has long been plagued by the ability of pathogenic bacteria to acquire and develop an array of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The sum of these resistance mechanisms, the antibiotic resistome, is a formidable threat to antibiotic discovery, development, and use. The study and understanding of the …Oct 6, 2014 · The resistome: potential for antibiotic resistance. The resistome is all genes coding antibiotic resistance (AR)-related proteins or similar protein likely to evolve toward potent antibiotic resistance. This encompass problematic AR gene identified in pathogenic bacteria, AR gene from antibiotic producers, cryptic AR genes (i.e. a resistance ...Nov 1, 2020 · In this study, a metagenomic approach was applied to determine the effect of mesophilic AD on the resistome profile of dairy manure from two different farms. The microbial community shift during the AD process was correlated with the resistome changes to identify potential ARG carriers. Moreover, the co …Jan 1, 2024 · The skin antibiotic resistome after exposure overlapped with the dust antibiotic resistome and partially overlapped with the swine feces antibiotic resistome, suggesting that the distributions of skin and dust ARG profiles were relatively similar and differs somewhat from skin with swine feces. Diversity of the antibiotic resistome in students ... Mortgages are only available for properties located in Alabama and Tennessee. Loans subject to credit approval. Must be eligible for membership and open a share savings account to obtain a mortgage loan product. A $5 minimum balance is required to open and must be maintained in the share savings account at all times. Dec 20, 2019 · Detecting the resistome of an individual bacterium, a microbiome, and other environmental settings (sediment, hospitals, etc.) will aid in tracking the spread of resistance and monitoring the emergence of new resistance alleles associated with the use of antibiotics or other bioactive compounds (5,– 10). This information can guide antibiotic ...Feb 13, 2015 · Model 2 was beta tested on independent sites and explained over 78% of the variation in integron prevalence showing a significant predictive ability. We believe all models in this study are highly ...The concept of the antibiotic resistome was introduced just over a decade ago, and since then, active resistome studies have been conducted. In the present study, we …Aug 16, 2017 · The transcriptional patterns of a core resistome over the course of composting were identified, and microbial phylogeny was the key determinant in defining the varied transcriptional response of resistome to this dynamic biological process. This research demonstrated the benefits of composting for manure …Oct 6, 2014 · The resistome: potential for antibiotic resistance. The resistome is all genes coding antibiotic resistance (AR)-related proteins or similar protein likely to evolve toward potent antibiotic resistance. This encompass problematic AR gene identified in pathogenic bacteria, AR gene from antibiotic producers, cryptic AR genes (i.e. a resistance ...Sep 15, 2020 · Selection and protection of drinking water sources is a key issue in drinking water safety. Our results showed that the bacterial community was a major driver of the antibiotic resistome, ARG abundance was associated with abundance of several opportunistic pathogens, and antibiotics were linked to antibiotic resistome trends (Fig. 5 …Apr 19, 2023 · As to resistome and mobilome, our data show that ozone treatment had no obvious effects in changing the abundance of resistome and mobilome, although a previous study revealed that antibiotic-resistant hosts and resistant genes were significantly inactivated by ozone treatments (Pei et al., 2016), as well as a significant portion of only MLS ...Jun 27, 2023 · Resistome composition was extracted when assessed by comparing total resistance gene abundance at baseline and following treatment as well as between placebo and treatment groups using dissimilarity matrices calculated by the Bray–Curtis . Relative abundance of antibiotic-specific genes following treatment …Jun 5, 2015 · 2. Methods to study the human gut resistome. Methodological approaches for the study of the resistome are outlined in figure 1 and are further discussed below. Notably, all current methods to describe the human gut resistome in terms of type and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes are by themselves inadequate to fully characterize the reservoir of resistance genes and the genetic ... The overall presence of all resistance genes in a specific environment is defined as a resistome. Spatial proximity of surfaces and different hygienic conditions …Feb 27, 2023 · Global Resistome Data. Share. Persons using assistive technology may not be able to fully access information in the interactive resistance displays and may gain alternate access to the information ... May 10, 2022 · Here, we study the resistome of 771 samples from five major body parts (skin, nares, vagina, gut, and oral cavity) of healthy subjects from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) and addressed the potential dispersion of ARGs in pristine environments. A total of 28,714 ARGs belonging to 235 different ARG types were found in the HMP proteome dataset ... Feb 9, 2023 · Application of reprogrammed bacteriophage to functional metagenomics in clinically relevant bacterial strains improves identification of antibiotic resistance genes, including those against ... Sep 24, 2018 · Redundancy analysis showed that the variances of both resistome gene and transcript compositions in the influent and effluent were best explained exclusively by biotic variables representing ...Dec 16, 2016 · Much of the data related to mutation-based stress resistance, however, is scattered through the academic literature, making it difficult to apply systematic analyses to this wealth of information. To address this issue, we introduce the Resistome database: a literature-curated collection of Escherichia coli genotypes-phenotypes containing over ...Oct 12, 2023 · The resistome is considered the ensemble of genes that contribute to the phenotype of resistance to antibiotics of a given microorganism. By extension, it also refers to the presence of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in a given habitat or microbiome [1,2,3].Among these genes, some are present in all (or most) …Nov 11, 2020 · The bog resistome further exhibits a high versatility and evenness of ARGs and, thus, reflects the typical characteristics of the bog microbiome (stable and high microbial diversity, geographic ...Press WIN+X or right-click the Start button and then choose System. Skip to Step 4 if you end up going this way. Select System and Security within Control Panel. …1.Introduction. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most commercialized nanomaterials, making up an estimated 50% of global engineered nanomaterials [15], …Feb 1, 2020 · There are growing concerns about the possible contributions of both manure and compost to increases of ARGs found in the soil resistome and in known pathogenic bacteria. It was shown that the relative abundance of β-lactam resistant bacteria was much higher in manure-amended soil than in unamended soil (Gou et al., 2018).Resistome is a cluster of microbial genes encoding proteins with necessary functions to resist the action of antibiotics. Resistome governs essential and separate biological functions to develop resistance against antibiotics. The widespread clinical and nonclinical uses of antibiotics over the year …Oct 12, 2023 · The resistome is considered the ensemble of genes that contribute to the phenotype of resistance to antibiotics of a given microorganism. By extension, it also refers to the presence of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in a given habitat or microbiome [1,2,3].Among these genes, some are present in all (or most) …parabasis. (in classical Greek comedy ) an address from the chorus to the audience. Mar 18, 2024. Mar 18, 2024. Mar 17, 2024. Mar 08, 2024. RESISTOME …Jan 22, 2013 · The Resistome is defined as the collection of all genes that could contribute to a phenotype of antibiotic resistance (D’Costa et al., 2006; Wright, 2007, 2010; Forsberg et al., 2012). This is a purely functional definition made from a human and medical point of view, for as we have seen, the resistome encompasses diverse genes whose original ...Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) or mobilomes promote the mobilization and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), serving as critical drivers for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) accumulation, interaction, and persistence. However, systematic and quantitative evaluations of the role of mobilome in spreading resistome in a bacterial ...Jan 22, 2024 · (ARGs), called resistome, is a criticalquestion for environmental and human health. By scrutinizing the dynamics of soil resisomes in a six-year (2014-2019) climate change experiment, this study provides explicit insights into the risk of antibiotic resistance in cropland and grassland microbiomes under future climate …May 5, 2022 · The host range and mobility of the antibiotic resistome were determined at contigs level, and the hosts mainly belonged to the Proteobacteria with the genus of Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Enterobacter and Aeromonas being dominant. The transposase (tnpA), IS91 and integrons were mobile genetic elements (MGEs) located together with ARGs, and a MAG ... About Redstone Federal Credit Union. Redstone Federal Credit Union was chartered on Jan. 1, 1951. Headquartered in Huntsville, AL, it has assets in the amount of $3,744,190,658. Its 373,833 members are served from 24 locations. Deposits in Redstone Federal Credit Union are insured by NCUA. Jan 15, 2023 · Once the basic traits of antibiotic resistome (e.g., abundance and richness of ARGs) in the examined HWTSs were unraveled, we further asked how the key traits closely related to the environmental spread (e.g., genetic mobility) and human health risk (e.g., host pathogenicity and multi-resistance) of wastewater … With members all over the world and more than $7.5 billion in assets, Redstone is now one of the 25 largest federal credit unions in the country. Today, a $5 deposit is still all that’s required to join Redstone. We’ve grown considerably over the years, but our unwavering commitment to our members has allowed us to stay grounded in what ... Mar 15, 2023 · Overall, the resistome harbored 166 ARGs conferring resistance to 16 classes of antibiotics, with an abundance of 0.002–0.306 copies/cell, showing significant variation. The microbiota β-diversity directly influenced resistome abundance, whereas antibiotics (mainly sulfonamides) and the mobilome directly affected resistome composition. The Redstone Scholarship Program started in 1996 with one post-secondary education partner school. Since then the program has grown to include eight local colleges and universities. Redstone has awarded over $955,000 in scholarships and other monetary donations to students and the colleges or universities they are attending. Aug 1, 2013 · The resistome hypothesis led to the suggestion that a fraction of tomorrow's clinically-relevant ARGs can be detected today in the soil and that examination of the soil resistome could enable early detection of future clinically-relevant antibiotic resistance mechanisms (Canton, 2009; D'Costa et al., 2006).Jan 1, 2024 · Antibiotic resistome, which encompasses all types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a given environment, has received increasing attention in research on different wastewater treatment processes. However, the variation in antibiotic resistome during the transition from the full nitrification–denitrification to the shortcut ...Sep 24, 2018 · Redundancy analysis showed that the variances of both resistome gene and transcript compositions in the influent and effluent were best explained exclusively by biotic variables representing ...Aug 16, 2017 · The transcriptional patterns of a core resistome over the course of composting were identified, and microbial phylogeny was the key determinant in defining the varied transcriptional response of resistome to this dynamic biological process. This research demonstrated the benefits of composting for manure … Redstone Discounts! & Visa Discounts: You must have a RFCU Visa debit or credit card to participate in Redstone Discounts! and Visa Discounts. Restrictions may apply. Discounts are provided by participating merchants. RFCU does not warrant, guarantee, or insure any product, purchase, or service offered by participating merchants. Jan 15, 2022 · The air-borne resistome is a complex system which is part of the environmental resistome with multiple sources, fate processes and sinks. Therefore, studies focusing on source tracking and apportionment are required to improve our understanding of the occurrence, reservoirs, dissemination, and fate of ARB and ARGs in the air-borne resistome. (2)Aug 1, 2018 · The antibiotic resistome of bacterioplankton in aquatic environments are closely correlated with the dynamics and functions of bacterial taxonomic communities (Chen et al., 2016; Garcia-Armisen et al., 2011), which are normally shaped by many abiotic and biological factors (Eiler and Bertilsson, 2004; Liu et al., 2013), including different ...Assess antibiotic resistome flows from pollution hotspots to environments and explore the control strategies Theme-based Research Scheme 2020/21 (Tenth Round) funded research RGC reference number T21-705/20-N .Apr 19, 2023 · As to resistome and mobilome, our data show that ozone treatment had no obvious effects in changing the abundance of resistome and mobilome, although a previous study revealed that antibiotic-resistant hosts and resistant genes were significantly inactivated by ozone treatments (Pei et al., 2016), as well as a significant portion of only MLS ...The term “antibiotic resistome” was first coined in 2006 by Gerry Wright’s group, who defined the soil resistome as “resistance determinants present in the soil”, …Sep 13, 2023 · These findings suggested that the shift in bacterial community might lead to the changes in soil resistome, which aligned with the impact of manure amendment on soil resistome (Gu et al. 2021). However, reports on the bacterial communities and ARG profiles of the early stage and long-term FBW-amended …Antibiotic resistance is a global problem that threatens individual and societal well-being. In this Review, Crofts, Gasparrini and Dantas summarize how research has …Jan 22, 2013 · The Resistome is defined as the collection of all genes that could contribute to a phenotype of antibiotic resistance (D’Costa et al., 2006; Wright, 2007, 2010; Forsberg et al., 2012). This is a purely functional definition made from a human and medical point of view, for as we have seen, the resistome encompasses diverse genes whose original ...Nov 21, 2019 · A similar resistome profile was detected in fecal and cecal samples from broiler chickens on nine commercial farms using the commercial feeds included different antimicrobial agents . In contrast to this previous study, the farm in our study had no history of antimicrobial use in the laying hens suggesting at least some ARGs in this flock may ... Rewards Checking Features. Earn 9 Points for Every Swipe and redeem your points for CashBack, Gift Cards, Travel, or Charity donation. Get Free Personal Checks, Money Orders, and Official Checks. Initial Deposit of $25. No monthly maintenance fees when you use direct deposit or make 4 debit card purchases per month, otherwise $8 per month. Feb 6, 2017 · By 2030, the global population will be 8.5 billion, placing pressure on international poultry production, of which China is a key producer1. From April 2017, China will implement the withdrawal of ... The human gut is home to a myriad of organisms. While some are harmless commensals, others are transient, pathogenic flora. The gut microbiome is composed of diverse bacterial flora, and apart from playing a major role in protecting from various infectious and non-infectious diseases, it plays an important role in resistance to antimicrobials. Jun 15, 2023 · Antimicrobial resistome in wastewater treatment plants was investigated via shotgun metagenomic analysis over a variety of geographical locations, seasons, and biological treatment configurations.
Feb 21, 2021 · The study and understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the resistome provide the basis for traditional approaches to combat resistance, including semisynthetic modification of naturally occurring antibiotic scaffolds, the development of adjuvant therapies that overcome resistance mechanisms, and the total synthesis of new antibiotics and the... . Vitalogy skincare
Mar 5, 2024 · To fill the above knowledge gap, we investigated gut microbiome and resistome of local people in a swine farming village using metagenomic approaches, with comparison to those living in a nearby non-farming village. Mobile gene elements (MGEs) were subsequently detected to explore transfer potentials of gut resistome.Feb 17, 2021 · The iHSMGC comprised 10,930,638 genes with the detection of 4,879,024 new genes. Characterization of the human skin resistome based on iHSMGC confirmed that skin commensals, such as Staphylococcus spp, are an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Further analyses of skin microbial ARGs detected microbe-specific and skin ...Microbiome and Resistome of Migratory Birds from the Arctic, Antarctic and Tropical Regions Akhil Prakash E1*, Tereza Hromádková2, Maarten J.J.E. Loonen3, Jabir T.4, …Aug 16, 2017 · The transcriptional patterns of a core resistome over the course of composting were identified, and microbial phylogeny was the key determinant in defining the varied transcriptional response of resistome to this dynamic biological process. This research demonstrated the benefits of composting for manure …1.Introduction. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most commercialized nanomaterials, making up an estimated 50% of global engineered nanomaterials [15], …Oct 12, 2023 · The resistome is considered the ensemble of genes that contribute to the phenotype of resistance to antibiotics of a given microorganism. By extension, it also refers to the presence of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in a given habitat or microbiome [1,2,3].Among these genes, some are present in all (or most) …Sep 15, 2016 · HGT via MGEs is often regarded as the underlying mechanism responsible for the resistome formation under different ecological niches (Smillie et al., 2011). UV radiation is one of the factors effectively inducing the SOS response (Wegrzyn and Wegrzyn, 2002), which is a specific bacterial stress response that …Sep 15, 2016 · HGT via MGEs is often regarded as the underlying mechanism responsible for the resistome formation under different ecological niches (Smillie et al., 2011). UV radiation is one of the factors effectively inducing the SOS response (Wegrzyn and Wegrzyn, 2002), which is a specific bacterial stress response that … With a personal loan from Redstone, you’ll have the freedom and flexibility you need to set your plans in motion. Whether you want to buy a car, consolidate your debt, or have a little extra cash on hand, borrowing with Redstone means borrowing with confidence. Every loan comes with great rates and personalized support throughout the entire ... Jan 20, 2006 · Synercid, which was FDA-approved in 1999 for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteremia, is a combination of two semisynthetic derivatives of Streptomyces metabolites, each with a distinct mode of action. Eighteen percent of resistant isolates tested were able to detoxify both antibiotics.Apr 22, 2023 · mean of resistome increased from 0.36 to 0.42 copies/16S rRNA gene (Fig 2A). Intervention with high plant fiber diets caused insignificant changes in the host gut resistome, with a p-value of 0.94. The mean resistome remained at 0.38 copies/16S rRNA gene in subjects before and after dietary intervention (Fig 2B).Jan 1, 2024 · Additionally, the resistome risk was analyzed by identifying the high-risk ARGs and their co-occurrences with MGEs and virulence factors on the same metagenomic contigs, and the sources of ARGs in the downstream were apportioned using the metagenomic resistome signatures and a source tracking tool. The study is of great significance to better ... The concept of the antibiotic resistome was introduced just over a decade ago, and since then, active resistome studies have been conducted. In the present study, we describe the previously established concept of the resistome, which encompasses all types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and t … .